• • Morphology of the normal heart
  • ◦ Surfaces and grooves of the heart
  • ◦ The pericardium
  • ◦ The caval veins
  • ◦ The aorta and its branches
  • ◦ The pulmonary trunk and its branches
• • The approaches
  • ◦ The femoral approach
  • ◦ The jugular approach
  • ◦ The subclavian approach
  • ◦ The subxiphoidal region
• • Fluoroscopy cardiac anatomy
  • ◦ Attitudinal nomenclature
  • ◦ Spatial relationships of the chambers
  • ◦ Fluoroscopic projections
• • The atrioventricular juction
  • ◦ Fibrous skeleton of the heart
  • ◦ The right and left atrioventricular junctions
  • ◦ The inferior pyramidal space
  • ◦ The inferoseptal recess and process
• • The atrial structure
  • ◦ Gross epicardial topography of the atriums
  • ◦ The atrioventricular groove
• • The interatrial septum
  • ◦ The true interatrial septum: the oval fossa
  • ◦ Spatial relationships of the septum
  • ◦ Transeptal puncture
• • The right atrium: endocardial topography
  • ◦ Trabeculated and smooth right atrium
  • ◦ Crista terminalis and right atrial appendage
  • ◦ The region of the sinus node
  • ◦ Inferior caval vein, Eustachian valve and ridge
  • ◦ Thebesian valve and the coronary sinus
  • ◦ The triangle of Koch
  • ◦ The cavo-tricuspid isthmus
• • The left atrium: endocardial topography
  • ◦ The pulmonary veins and their ending into the left atrium
  • ◦ The interpulmonary component and atrial septum
  • ◦ The left atrial isthmus and vestibule of the the mitral valve
  • ◦ Gross anatomy and architecture of the left lateral ridge
  • ◦ Gross anatomy and architecture of the left atrial appendage
• • The pulmonary veins
  • ◦ Attiudinal orientation and level of the pulmonary veins
  • ◦ Normal dimensions, shape and branching patterns
  • ◦ Variant anatomy of the pulmonary veins ending
  • ◦ Muscular architecture of the pulmonary veins
• • Myoarchitecture of the atrial wall
  • ◦ The atrial walls and its thickness
  • ◦ Endocardial aspect
  • ◦ Epicardial aspect
• • The Bachmann´s bundle
• • The right and left ventricles
  • ◦ Spatial relationships of the ventricles and the septum
  • ◦ The components of the ventricles
  • ◦ Epicardial topography of ventricles
  • ◦ The left ventricular summit
  • ◦ Endocardial topography of the ventricles
• • The valves
  • ◦ The tricuspid and pulmonary valves
  • ◦ The mitral and aortic valves
  • ◦ The papillary muscles
• • Myoarchitecture of the ventricles
  • ◦ Epicardial muscular architecture
  • ◦ Endocardial muscular architecture
• • Extracardiac strutures
  • ◦ The esophagus
  • ◦ The phrenic nerves
  • ◦ The vagus nerve
• • The pericardium
• • The coronary vessels
  • ◦ The coronary arteries
  • ◦ The coronary sinus and its tributaries
  • ◦ The Marshall structures and its relationships
• • Conduction system of the heart
  • ◦ The sinus node
  • ◦ The atrioventricular node and the bundle of His
  • ◦ The “Purkinje” system
• • The nervous system of the heart
• • Congenital heart diseases
  • ◦ Atrial septal defect
  • ◦ Ventricular septal defect
  • ◦ Single ventricle (Fontan operation)
  • ◦ Ebstein Anomaly
  • ◦ Mustard & Sennig (D-TGA)
  • ◦ Tetrallogy of Fallot

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